Big Wave Questions

1.      1. Storms out in the middle of the sea, causing waves to go out in all directions, towards coastlines. The wave factory.

2.     2.  How they break. The big waves only happen when conditions are right. When the storms hit the wave factory, and when the large swell is coming to hit the coast. Wind speed, fetch (distance of water) and duration (how long the wind is going).

1.     

2.      2. Wave length, Vertical Height, and Period (when they break)

3.    3.   Plunging waves, that have a steep sand level beneath

4.     4.  Through the water, and is fixed and conserved within it. Wave energy stored in surface and ocean depth.

5.      5. Respect the waves, be safe, respect the others on the world. 

7.1 / 7.2

7.1

1) The settlement of the Australian population is mainly along the coastline which has impacts on the environment around it. Animals who breed in certain areas can no longer do so as urbanisation has occurred. Pollution of the water has meant some animals die.

2) Coastal Management strategies are important in the development of the coastline as it inputs restrictions to development along the coast. It may involve that you can't build anything with 50 meters of the sand or involve no development at all allowing the natural occurring cycles to continue unharmed.

3) 'Sea Change' refers to the transition of city people moving to the coast for a relaxed lifestyle

4) One government response to sea change has involved a population cap on how many people are allowed to build or develop in a coastal region.

5) Pollution has affected the coastal environment. By having storm waters drains which empty into the ocean they often carry with them rubbish and unnecessary minerals which pollute the water.

    Population Growth has affected the coastal environment by the population becoming more and more built near the coastline. This has resulted in some natural cycles being disturbed.

Introduced Plants affects the coastal environment as they can choke, hold or kill off native wildlife or choke native plants.

Tourism and Recreational Pressures have affected the coastal environment. By having interesting and fun actives near the coast it does provide a profit for the community however they impact the local enviroment. AN activity such as Four Wheel Driving creates pressure on the local community however if not managed

6) Geographers collect data which is essential  to creating management plans. Secondly, geographers understand the local environment and know what is supposed to be there and what is not to be there.

7.2

1) Waves created by wind, wind forms ripples which turns into wavelets and finally waves

2) Fetch is the distance wind travels over the ocean to form a wave

3) Waves in open ocean have a gradual slope making them suitable for body surfing where as waves closer into the shore hit the shallow sand banks which slows down the base of the wave and forms tubes for surfers to tube through.

Question 4)

 Question 5)

6) Plunging waves break on moderately sloped waves, spilling waves break far from beach on a gentle slope making ideal for body surfing and surging waves - very steep beaches cause erosion

7) Wind Swell waves travel short distance before hitting land and ground swell is that waves travel longer distance before hitting waves.

Big Waves- Shipsterns Bluff

Communities do not remain static, but continually experience change. There are many inter connected factors that contribute to the changes and differences between and within communities. In a world that is experiencing rapid globalisation it is important for decision-makers within communities to understand and respond to these changes

Describe the factors causing change in relation to Australia's communities.

Include in your response:

• the location of a community effected
• Roseville is located between the suburbs of Chatswood and Lindfield. It is right off the pacific highway and at a good distance between the beaches and the City, being not too close, but not far away. 
• the specific characteristics of this community (eg. rural/urban, population, ethnicity, age, any other characteristics that make it a community).
• Roseville is a significantly cultural and age-variable community. It is completely urban, with no nearby forests or environments of rural nature. With its close proximity to Chatswood, the culture is of high Asian percentage. Caucasians tend to take up the rest of the percentage. Roseville is a quieter more relaxed community, with little to no high rising apartment blocks. 
• Description of the factors causing change in your chosen community.
• The culture: with the constant rise of different cultures, the change in the predominant culture has been modified. There has also been additions of smaller apartment blocks with the rising population. 
• Describe the effects of those changes upon your chosen community.
• The effects of these modifications are significant. With these additions, it over crowds our community and the "quite" "relaxed" culture of our society is being rapidly diminished. And with the changing culture, the Australian community is weakened.  

109 8 11

8 a)South West
   b) i South West
       ii North
       iii North West
9 a) 621 538
   ii) 621 527
   iii) 632 541
   b) i 62 53
       ii 63 53
       iii 61 51
   c) i 10 approx km
       ii 20 km
       iii 1 km
    d)i Forest Wood and Scrub Land and open plain
       ii Scrub and Low Density
10 4.6 as it is a larger number
11

117

Pg. 117

1 Name one federal and one state government department that fund and help with projects in small and regional towns.
The federal government does in fact fund small regional towns 
2 Name two government programs that Gulargambone has used to receive funding for various projects.
The regional partnership program and the Rural transaction Centres program
3 What is a rural transaction centre and why is it important?
It is a community owned post office that takes care of all business associated with Medicare, internet etc.
4 What services does the GRTC offer?
Medicare, internet, reliance credit union etc.
5 How have community groups responded to change in Gulargambone?
They have responded extremely well encouraging and rallying government support on all levels to establish stronger populational growth. 
6 Give three examples of specific actions and strategies the Gulargambone Flying Ahead group has implemented in response to changes.
They have constructed a galvanised Galah as their towns symbol and given their town a logo, restored and renovated buildings and also built further centres. 
7 What was the purpose of the two eight two eight project?

1 to increase the population and services that are available
2 to improve the visual appearance of the town
3 to promote Gulargambone
4 to increase police presence
5 to establish youth projects.

8 Outline some examples of active citizenship in the achievements that Gulargambone has made since 2000.
They have since 2002 opened the Rural transaction centre, built a new multi purpose health centre and renovated and restored some old town centres such as the theatres. 
9 Outline the role of the local government, Coonamble Shire Council, in the implementation of the Gulargambone Flying Ahead program Application
They have provided funding and help for this program
10 View the before and after photos in 4.24. Describe the changes that have taken place to renew and renovate this area.
It has been neatly restored with painting and a new garden bead in place
11 In a paragraph discuss the importance of active citizenship in small communities like Gulargambone.
Active citizenship is important in this town because everyone needs to chip in and pull their weight in order to restore and advertise their town. The larger the number of participants the easier the job becomes.12 Read the news article:
a What is the article about?
About the community's effort in the restoration of their town.b According to the writer what are the causes of the decline in Gulargambone?
The closure of many services such as shops, retailers, cafe's and banks.c What are the impacts of the decline?
Impacts on the populationd What caused the community to galvanise into action?
The closure of the local post office and soon to be closure of their hospitale Why is the post office so important?
Because the closest post office was over two hours awayf List the projects that the community has completed.
restoration of the theatres, built a symbolic Galah and now heads it's own post office.

pg 113

pg 113
1. How does drought affect rural communities?
It affects them in that they have trouble with their crop plantations and their livestock.
2. What was a consequence of the soldier settler blocks being sold?
Steady population decline
3. What 3 main factors have caused a decline in ag?
Collapse of wool industry, the rising of cost in ag, and the returns they received from ag have not kept in pace with the rising cost of ag
4. How many mechanization contributed to unemployment?
Many jobs can now be more efficiently done with machinery resulting in machines often taking preference over the working force and many people lost their job because of industrial development
5. How do lifestyle factors and better roads and transport contribute to the decline in small country towns like Gulramboorge?
Because it allows for people to travel to larger communities for better education and employment options.
6. Give three pieces of evidence of rural decline in Gurlgambone?

8 Refer to 4.12. Describe the trend in the population of

Gulargambone over the past 50 years.

Population steadily declined due to occasional increase due to factors such as the soldiers ressetlement scheme and better transport.

9 Refer to 4.14. Describe the unusual shape of the population pyramid for Gulargambone. Suggest reasons for this shape.

There is typically more elderly men and more young women with the majority consisting of children between ages of 0-4 years old. This is due to the government schemes, with pensions being handed over to woman with new born babies. 

10 Refer to 4.18.

a Describe the trend in the enrolments of Gulargambone

Central School over the past 50 years.

The trend is that of a steadily declining enrollment after every year.

b Use all the information in this chapter to explain the

trends displayed in this graph.

This can be accounted for things like that of better transportation which allows for the communities to travel further to the larger communities for better education and employment opportunities 

11 Give an example of one social, economic and environmental

factor that has caused change in Gulargambone.

a social impact is that of better opportunities for employment/education elsewhere
a economic impact is that of better infrastructure such as roads and other transportation methods
a environmental impact is that of drought

PG 109 without skills

Knowledge
1 What is rural decline?
The declining population of rural areas through relocation to city or suburbs
2 Describe the location of Gulargambone.
Central West of NSW
3 Briefly describe one feature of the atmosphere, hydrosphere
Lithosphere Is flat land, to undulating, hydrosphere is barren, atmosphere is that of any other places, often rainy 
and lithosphere around Gulargambone.
4 What were soldier settler blocks? How did they contribute to
the growth of Gulargambone?
Housing developments for returned soldiers, often brought wives and families with them contributing to population increase
5 What main economic activities take place around Gulargambone?
Foresty and Agriculture 
6 How many people live in Gulargambone? How many live in
the surrounding area?
447 people liven in the town, whilst 1072 people lived in the surrounding district 
7 What is the CDEP?
It stands for Community Development Employment Project

Source A-CWhat is the predicted population growth rate in 2030?
0.6%
\What is the predicted population change in 2030?
Decreased by 54 Million 
What region of the world is predicted to have the greatest gross increase in percentage between 1800 and 2050?

Source D
How many males and females are there in Ethiopia for the age range 60-64 in the year 2000?
7 mil = 3.5 mil male and 3.5 female


How many males and females are there in Italy for the age range 60-64 in the year 2000?
2 mil = 1 mil male and 1 mil  fem
Why do you think that there is such a difference between these two countries?
As italy is a small country and richers so more people can afford to live there.
Source E
What is located at GR831979?
DIcks Hill
What is the highest point at AR7997?
200 km
What is the contour interval for the map?
10 m
What physical feature is located at GR820975?
Wet swamp 
Approximately how far is the Laurieton Sporting Complex from Hanleys Point on the Camden Haven Inlet?
3-4 km
Give the GR for the North Haven Public School.
GR830001
What is the highest point at Camden Head? Give the height and GR.
25 and is GR855992

reflection

Take the time to think about the documentary you have just watched.

• What is your initial reaction to the show?
• My initial reaction to the show was that this wasnt just an entertainment show, this was quite a significant reality check, and that it was not going to be an easy breeze of a show. These people were to be put in the real, brutal conditions of various different refugees conditions. That this show was going to be a considerable insight of the refugee life. 

Take this Quiz: http://www.sbs.com.au/thefacttester?question=4

• What percentage of immigrants are refugees? 
• 1.5 % of immigrants are refugees
• Why does such a small number of people make for such a big deal both politically and in the media? (Give your opinion)
• As the countries against this are treating them so unfairly and over exaggerating by being this cruel to them when they are just people, looking for a new life causing no harm to our country what so ever. 

• Where does Australia rank among countries accepting refugees? 
• 11th position 
• To what extent do we have an obligation to help other people suffering in the world? (your opinion)
• We have so much room and empty space for the settlements of these refugees to live and I dont see why there is any reason at all that we are not helping this suffering families. 

• How much extra support do refugees receive in comparison to other Australian citizens?
• None, the support levels are kept the same as they are joined to the UN Refugee Convention
• How many Asian nations have signed the UN Refugee Convention?
• only 11 Asian nations have signed to the UN Refugee Convention  
• Why is it important to note that Malaysia has not signed the UN Refugee Convention? What does this mean for refugees in Malaysia?
• 
  

population

1.                What is demography?

 The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.

2.                In what year did the Australian population reach 20 million? How quickly is the population growing?

December 4, 2003. 2.1%

3.                How many Aboriginal people are estimated to have lived in Australia before Europeans arrived?

315 000

4.                What the two main ways the population can grow? What percentage of the population growth in 2010 can be attributed to each way?

It can grow by birth and by immigration, globalisations

5.                What is the total fertility rate for 2010?

1370 measures of Australias progress, 2010

6.                What was the total fertility rate for Australia in 1935? How does this compare to other years? Why do you think that it compares this way?

2.2 this one of the lowest as it was the time of the greatest depression

7.                What is the trend in the fertility rate for Australia since 1950?

It rises out of the great depression and then slowly drops

8.                What is the average size of a family in Australia? How does that compare to the US?

5 people in a house in Australia, 3.14 people in America

racist nations

1.               Who is the author and what is his job title?

Graeme Innes ????

2.               Who does he work for and what is supposed to do in this job?

3.               What does the author say is often the beginning of a racist comment? Have you ever heard anyone use this line to say something racist? If so, what did they say?

“im not a racist”

“im not a racist after a racist joke”

4.               What percent of Australians are born overseas or have an overseas parent?

50%

5.               What is a 'monoculture'?

The leadership that doesn’t problematize particular cultures, or make them wrong.

6.               What are some welcome benefits of online technology?

Homework, doing jobs for homeless people

7.               What are some unwelcome results of online social media?

Race-hate website

8.               What makes racism online so dangerous?

People may not know that they are being racist, and everyone can see

9.               What will help stop racism online?

Organisations that are shutting down ant-bullying and programs and campaign. The partnership with government social networking.

10.            What does the author suggest we need to do to stop racism?

We are all responsible for naming, and saying no to racism, We must call it when we see it.

Are we a racist nation?

1.               Who is the author and what is his job title?

Graeme Innes ????

2.               Who does he work for and what is supposed to do in this job?

3.               What does the author say is often the beginning of a racist comment? Have you ever heard anyone use this line to say something racist? If so, what did they say?

“im not a racist”

“im not a racist after a racist joke”

4.               What percent of Australians are born overseas or have an overseas parent?

50%

5.               What is a 'monoculture'?

The leadership that doesn’t problematize particular cultures, or make them wrong.

6.               What are some welcome benefits of online technology?

Homework, doing jobs for homeless people

7.               What are some unwelcome results of online social media?

Race-hate website

8.               What makes racism online so dangerous?

People may not know that they are being racist, and everyone can see

9.               What will help stop racism online?

Organisations that are shutting down ant-bullying and programs and campaign. The partnership with government social networking.

10.            What does the author suggest we need to do to stop racism?

We are all responsible for naming, and saying no to racism, We must call it when we see it. 

Communities

.      Primary Source is information taken from the time of the historical event. A secondary source is information composed any time after the historical event usually by historians at a later date.

2.      Government census

3.      22,638,357

4.      1.6%

5.      345 500

6.      G

7.      New South Wales (90 000)

8.      Common new buildings usually apartment blocks (for extra population)

9.      No, as eventually, Australia will overpopulate, and there will not be enough room for all the people. Causing drastic measures to occur (e.g. evacuation)

10.   Back when Australia was first discovered, when Captain Cook first migrated the area, he had to bring convicts to help populate the area.

2.5, 2.6, 2.7

2.5

1. They are widespread destruction

2. Northern Australia

3. Perth, Western Australia and northern territory

4. 6

5. Hurricanes and typhoons

6. High, moist, heat, moist, spiral, tropical

7. The centre of the cyclone

8.

9. The amount of energy it has

2.6

1. 25 December 1974

2. They were the first to the disaster and set up an evacuation and medical centres.

3. A federal government body and they helped restore services to Darwin.

4. SO that there was a decreased chance in casualties from the cyclone, and that no-one got injured or hurt.

5. 80%

6. Many lessons were learnt and all cyclone-prone areas will now be better prepared as of this disaster in Darwin.

7. 29 August 2005 in the Gulf of Mexico

8. That most of the population were unable to evacuate the area as of geographical difficulties.

9. That not all of the population evacuated their area and as a result a large fraction of the residents were left without food or water when the floods affected the immediate area.

10. The NDO seems to be more efficient as the FEMA were criticised for devoting too many resources to Orleans immediately following the hurricane.

11. UNABLE TO DO.

12. a. It hit the country, and then the residents had to leave?

      b. –

13. The plane, started to rattle, at first I thought it was just turbulence. But then, it started to get extremely violent, and objects were starting to fall from all directions. Glasses were crashing on the floor, drinks were spiling and food was starting to fly. I desperately look around experiencing the shear fear on all the passengers’ faces. They were mostly adults, but there were some younger infants, who were unaware of the danger present. The population on the plane were only carrying day bags, but had travel bags under the plane. The mood started to drop and the terror on everyone’s faces increased rapidly. Then I realised, a deadly cyclone had hit Darwin… 

2.7

1. 17^th march 2006 and over the Coral Sea

2. They experienced flooding, torrential rain and strong winds

3. Roads, rail and air transport and left people stranded

4. AU $350 million

5.

6. Emergence management Australia and state emergence services

7. Government agencies, local councils, state emergence services, energy suppliers

8. They ran community workshops to help people prepare

9. Queensland government

10. Large quantities of resources needed to remove danger and repair the damage

11. It would have significantly decreased

12a. 300km

12b.

12c. 1am March 21 it means it isn’t as strong as a cyclone

12d. 500 km